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Classification of modern computers Developed by: computer science teacher Isupov S. L. Izhevsk 2014 Ministry of Education and Science of the Udmurt Republic MBOU "Secondary School No. 59"
Personal computers Servers Supercomputers
Desktops Portable Subnotebooks Notebooks Netbooks Ultrabooks Tablets Desktops Nettops Monoblocks Smartbooks
Desktop A desktop computer is a stationary personal computer designed to work in an office or at home.
Nettop Nettop (English nettop) - a small desktop PC in size of its system unit. The term ″Nettop″ is derived from ″InterNET″ and ″deskTOP″. It is used in conjunction with the server and when using ″cloud″ technologies.
Monoblock Monoblock (Greek μονος - one) - combines a monitor and a system unit in one case, is used to reduce the area occupied by equipment and give a more aesthetic appearance.
Notebook Notebook (English notebook - notepad) or laptop (English lap - knees, top - top) - a portable personal computer, in the case of which the display, keyboard and pointing device (usually a touch panel, or touchpad), as well as batteries are combined .
Netbook Netbook (eng. Netbook, net - network, book - book) - a laptop with relatively low performance, designed mainly for accessing the Internet. It has a small screen size of 7-12 inches, low power consumption, light weight and relatively low cost.
Subnotebook A subnotebook, or ultraportable laptop, is small and light and has most of the features of a regular laptop.
Ultrabook An ultrabook is an ultra-thin and light subnotebook that is even smaller and lighter than a regular laptop, but with most of the characteristics of a full-fledged laptop.
Smartbook Smartbook (English Smartbook from smart phone - smart phone and note book - notepad) or PDA (Pocket PC) is a small laptop built on the hardware platform of the same class that is used for smartphones and tablet computers.
Tablet Tablet computer (eng. Tablet computer or electronic tablet) is a collective concept that includes various types of mobile devices with a touch screen. The tablet computer can be controlled with the touch of a hand or a stylus.
Server A server is a computer allocated from a group of personal computers to perform a service task without direct human participation. There are a workgroup server, a domain controller server, a web server, an e-mail server, a file server, etc.
Supercomputer Modern supercomputers are a large number of high-performance server computers connected to each other by a local high-speed backbone to achieve maximum performance. Lomonosov supercomputer built by T-Platforms for Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov.
In addition to the above, there are also various hybrid devices.
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Classification of modern educational technologies
1. On the issue of defining the concepts of "teaching technology", "method of teaching", "form of teaching", "pedagogical technique", etc. 2. To the problem of classification of "methods" and "forms" of teaching. 3. Specific...
Computer classification
Topic: “Classification of computers by functionality” Program section: Information technology hardware Type of lesson: learning new material Objectives: 1. ...
Computers can be classified according to different criteria, for example, by size, by application, by speed, by functions performed, by stages of their creation, etc. In this presentation, we will consider a classification according to a generalized criterion, where several characteristic features:
Parameters Large computers Small computers Productivity (million op/s) 1000 – Amount of RAM (MB) Amount of external memory (GB) , Bit depth (bit)64; 12816; 32; 64
SERVERS A SERVER is a powerful computer used in computer networks, which provides services for computers connected to it and access to other networks. The server stores large amounts of information that other computers connected to it use. The server is subject to increased requirements for speed and reliability. It should provide for the possibility of backing up all stored information. Preventive and repair work should be carried out without stopping it and turning off other computers.
CHARACTERISTICS "Friendliness" of the interface of human interaction with a computer Low cost Small dimensions Openness of architecture A large number of software tools for various applications Compatibility of new versions and models High reliability of work
General characteristics of personal computers Parameters Type of microprocessor PentiumPentium Pro Clock frequency (MHz) 60 - - 600 RAM (MB) 8, 16, 32 16, 32, 64, 128 Hard disk space (GB) 1 - 102 - 16 memory (KB) 512, 1024, 2048 Bit depth (bits) 32
PORTABLE COMPUTER The name comes from the Latin porto - "carry" and means that they are easy to carry from place to place. Their weight ranges from 0.2 to 6 kg. Usually they are designed in the form of suitcases or folders and, in turn, are divided into several types: 1. laptop 2. organizer - electronic notebook
Are intended for use in production conditions. They are integrated into the technological process of production of any product, they control production lines and machines. With their help, they control planes, trains, conduct research and test new instruments, mechanisms, and devices. They are subject to increased requirements for reliability, resistance to various fluctuations in environmental parameters (temperature, vibration, dust, etc.)
Control questions and tasks 1. Describe the class of personal computers. 2. Give the main characteristics of a personal computer. 3. What characteristics of a portable computer are essential for a user and why? 4.What affects the price of a computer the most? 5. What are the characteristics of portable computers do you know? 6.Tell us about the purpose of organizers and notebooks. 7. How do you imagine an industrial computer?
http://www.mkgt.ru/files/material-static/138/contents.htm
PCs and workstations
Servers
Mainframes
Cluster architectures
To software terminology
Program
Software
Software Tool
Software package
A program is a complete product that can be run by its author on the system on which it was developed.
Software - a program that anyone can run, test, fix and develop. Such a program should be written in a generalized style, thoroughly tested, and accompanied by detailed documentation.
Such definitions are located, for example, at http://mf.grsu.by/Kafedry/kaf001/academic_process/048/28
SUMMARY OF THE REVIEW LECTURE. For students of the specialty
T1002 "Information technology software" (A.M.Kadan, Ph.D., associate professor)
Software Tool is a program or a logically related set of programs on data carriers, provided with program documentation.
Software package - a set of interacting programs, coordinated in functions and formats, precisely defined interfaces, and together make up a complete tool for solving large problems.
GOST 19781-90 SOFTWARE FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS Terms and definitions
Software of data processing systems. Terms and definitions
Program (Program) - data intended to control specific components of the information processing system in order to implement a specific algorithm
Program (en program): - see GOST 19781.
Software product (en software product: Software intended to be delivered,
transfer, sale to the user.
GOST 28806-90 SOFTWARE QUALITY Terms and definitions
software quality. Terms and definitions
software tool; PS (en software):
An entity consisting of programs, procedures, rules, and, where applicable, associated documentation and data relating to the operation of an information processing system.
Note. A software tool is specific information that objectively exists as a set of all properties of each of the material objects that are significant from the point of view of its presentation, containing this information in a fixed form.
Glossary (glossary.ru)
Software product- a program or a logically related set of programs:
- recorded on data carriers;
- being a product of industrial production;
- supplied with program documentation;
Intended for wide distribution through sale or through freeware, shareware, or OEM methods.
Software package- a set of interacting programs:
- agreed on functions and formats;
- having uniform, well-defined interfaces; constituting a complete tool for solving large problems.
slide 2
All computers are divided into large and small
The class of large computers is made up of systems that have great computing power and are designed to serve several users at the same time. In turn, small computers are designed to assist a person in everyday work with current information.
slide 3
Large computers are divided into
Supercomputers - possessing enormous computing power, based on the multiprocessor principle of information processing. As a rule, such machines are produced in single copies and are used in areas where fast analysis of large information flows is required.
slide 4
Servers are powerful computers in computer networks that service the computers connected to them, provide their resources for use by other users and provide access to other networks. Often servers specialize in servicing workstations in a particular area. Depending on the purpose, the following types of servers are determined: application server, file server, archive server, fax server, mail server, print server, teleconferencing server.
slide 5
Small computers are classified into
Personal. The main purpose is to perform routine work: searching for information, compiling standard forms of documentation, preparing various kinds of texts, etc. The general availability and versatility of personal computers is ensured by the presence of the following characteristics: user-friendliness of the human interaction interface, low cost, small dimensions and the absence of special environmental requirements, open architecture, a large number of software tools for various applications, high reliability.
slide 6
Portable. These computers are easily portable. They are often designed in the form of suitcases or folders.
Slide 7
Production. Are intended for use in production conditions. They are integrated into the technological process of production of some products, they control production lines and machines.
Slide 8
- In addition to these computer capabilities are characterized by a number of other parameters, bit depth and forms of representation of numbers;
- external memory capacity;
- characteristics of external devices for storage, exchange and input-output of information;
- throughput of communication devices of computer nodes among themselves;
- the ability of a computer to simultaneously work with several users and execute several programs simultaneously;
- types of operating systems used in the machine;
- software compatibility with other types of computers, i.e. the ability to execute programs written for other types of computers;
- the ability to connect to communication channels and to a computer network;
- reliability, etc.
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