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Installation.

1. How to install XP?

There are several ways. Firstly, if your CD with the distribution kit is similar to the one manufactured by Microsoft, then it should be a boot (boot) one. To boot from it, you need to set the "Boot sequence" parameter in the BIOS-e to CD-ROM, insert the CD and reboot. After the computer starts, the installation program starts. Next - just follow the instructions. This is the only method loaded directly into the installer. Microsoft believes that CD-ROM is an essential and absolutely necessary part for the computer on which XP is installed, so the good old way to boot from four floppy disks is no longer supported.
Secondly, you can boot from the DOS system diskette with the CD-ROM driver and run the program "winnt.exe" in the i386 directory on the distribution disk.
Note: if your hard drive is connected to an external controller (SCSI or IDE), then do not forget to download the new XP (or W2k) driver for it and drop it onto a floppy disk. It will be needed if the installation program cannot correctly identify and install the device. In this case, press F6 when searching for such devices.
And finally, from W9x, NT4 or W2k, you can run the setup.exe program from the root directory of the CD drive, or winnt32.exe from the i386 directory, and upgrade the system to XP. It does this very correctly and before rebooting it displays a list of programs and drivers incompatible with XP.
However, the latter method is not the most optimal. Despite the fact that XP is trying to independently determine the list of programs and drivers that will not work correctly with it, it is not able to do it correctly in all cases. Therefore, in order to avoid compatibility problems, we would recommend that you reinstall the system.
There is an even more radical method for resolving compatibility issues. When installing over an existing OS, you will have the option of choosing an OS (Dual boot).

Note: after installing XP as a separate OS, Outlook Express will not function properly and Internet explorer in Windows 9x, as W2k will replace the latter. This is true only if both OSs are installed on the same disk partition. But, this problem can be solved by copying some DLLs from WinNT \\ System32 to Windows \\ System. You can use the ShowDep () program to determine the libraries you need, or Outlook Express displays the same information in the "About" window. In addition, many programs will have to be installed twice, once for XP, and once for W9x. Sometimes, it is possible in the same directory, for example, Office 2000, upon installation, is able to understand that it is already installed, and as a result installs only about 18 megabytes.

2. How to choose the correct kernel and HAL version during installation?

At the very beginning of the XP text installation phase, when the message "Setup is inspecting your computer" s hardware configuration "appears, press and hold the" F5 "key. In the list of HAL library versions that appears on the screen, select the version that matches your computer, or select" Other " in order to specify the library file from the hardware manufacturer, then continue with the installation of Windows.

The following versions of the HAL library are included in the XP package:

ACPI Multiprocessor PC - for ACPI systems with multiple processors
ACPI Uniprocessor PC - used for ACPI systems with a multiprocessor motherboard and one processor installed
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) PC - used for single-processor ACPI systems
Compaq SystemPro Multiprocessor or 100% Compatible - for Compaq SystemPro computers or fully compatible with them
MPS Uniprocessor PC - for systems without ACPI support, with a multiprocessor motherboard and one processor installed
MPS Multiprocessor PC - for multiprocessor systems without ACPI support
Standard PC - used for any standard computer, not multiprocessor and without ACPI support.
SGI mp - for graphics stations Silicon Graphics.

3. During installation, the system does not allow you to select components, and after installation in Add / Remove programs - Windows Components there is almost nothing.

Unfortunately, you will not be able to select anything during the installation. But, after installation, in Windows / inf, find the sysoc.inf file and delete the word hide or HIDE in it wherever you find. New items will appear in Add / Remove Windows components. Unfortunately, you cannot delete all of the items that appear, but you can still do something.

4. Should I switch from FAT32 to NTFS?

It all depends on what purpose you use the computer for and how much RAM you have. It should be noted that NTFS is slightly slower than FAT, due to additionally loaded services and its security system. If you have little RAM, and you decide to install XP, then you definitely can not install NTFS. If you have 128MB or more, then you can already think about NTFS. You should weigh the advantages and disadvantages of NTFS for the average user and decide what you need. The advantages of FAT32 include the fact that it is faster and requires less memory to work. If the system works only with FAT32, then the drivers and services required by NTFS are not loaded into memory. In addition, when using FAT32, it is possible to access the disk when booting from the boot floppy W9x. The benefits of NTFS for the simple user can be described in one big word: indestructible. In all seriousness, knocking out NTFS is extremely difficult, although possible. For experience, a bunch of different applications were launched, disk optimizers, and at the most inopportune moments reset button. The repetition of this sadism did not make a good impression on the system a dozen times; it continued to work without errors. In addition, NTFS has built-in file encryption, which provides some confidence in the safety of data. Of course, provided that the system will not be reinstalled.

5. What is NTFS, and how does it work?

NTFS grew out of the HPFS file system, developed jointly by IBM and Microsoft for the OS / 2 project. It began to be used with Windows NT 3.1 in 1993. Windows NT 3.1 was supposed to compete with servers based on NetWare and Unix, so NTFS incorporated all of the then technological advances. Here are the main ones:

1. Work with large disks. NTFS has a cluster size of 512 bytes, which is basically optimal, but it can be changed up to 64K. More importantly, NTFS can theoretically work with volumes of 16,777,216 terabytes. Theoretically, because such hard drives simply do not exist yet, and they will not appear very soon.

2. Sustainability. NTFS contains two copies of the FAT analog called MFT (Master File Table). Unlike FAT MSDOS, MFT is more like a database table. If the original MFT is damaged in the event of a hardware error (for example, the appearance of a bad sector), the system uses a copy of the MFT at the next boot, and automatically creates a new original, already taking into account the damage. But this is not the most important thing. The main thing is that NTFS uses a transaction system when writing files to disk. This system came from a DBMS, where protecting data integrity is a vital thing. This already speaks of its effectiveness. In a simplified form, it works like this:

• The NTFS I / O driver initiates the write process while telling the Log File Service to log everything that happens.
• Data is written to the cache under the control of the Cache Manager service.
• Cache Manager sends data to Virtual Memory Manager (virtual memory manager) to write to the disk in the background.
• Virtual Memory Manager sends data to the disk driver by passing it through the Fault Tolerant Driver (if you have an array of RAID disks).
• The disk driver sends them to the controller, which already writes them either to the cache or directly to the disk.
• If this operation passes without errors, the log entry is deleted.
• If a failure occurs, the log entry remains in the transaction table, and the next time you access the disk, the Log File Service detects this entry and simply restores everything as it was before this operation.

Such a system guarantees absolute safety of data in case of copying, moving and deleting files or directories. When making changes to the file, you lose those changes that were at the time of the failure in the memory or in the controller cache, and did not have time to write to the disk.

3. Security. NTFS treats files as objects. Each file object has properties such as its name, creation date, date last update, archive status, and security descriptor. The file object also contains a set of methods that let you work with it, such as open, close, read, and write. Users, including network users, call these methods to access the file, and the Security Reference Monitor determines whether the user has the necessary rights to call any of these methods. In addition, files can be encrypted. True, you should be careful with encryption. If your system crashes, or you reinstall it, then you will not be able to read encrypted files if you do not have ERD.

4. Data compression. NTFS allows you to compress individual directories and files, unlike DriveSpace, which only allowed to compress entire disks. This is very convenient, to save disk space, for example, you can compress large image files on the fly bMP format, or text files, and for the user all this will be transparent.

5. Support ISO Unicode format. The Unicode format uses 16bit to encode each character, unlike ASCII, which used 8bit, or worse, 7bit. For a simple user, this means that now he can name files in any language, even in Chinese - the system will support this without requiring changing the code page, as DOS and W9x did.

6. What's new in the NTFS5 file system, and what are its differences from NTFS4?

The most important thing that NT4 was scolded for, and in what way it was inferior to NetWare, is the lack of quotas. Quoting is a limitation of the maximum amount of disk space for a user that he can use. Why is this needed? Well, on computers running in large networks, in firms and organizations, it’s clear why it’s not a question, because hard drives are not rubber. And on home computer, for example, you can allocate the user "wife" or "younger brother" no more than 50MB on the hard drive so that they do not clutter the disk with anything. Moreover, it is not necessary that all user files are stored in one place, they may well be scattered across all disks. Quotas are set through the Properties NTFS section, the Quota tab. Through Quota Entries ... you can set quotas for each individual user.

The second, quite important difference between NTFS5 and the old version is the ability to search for a file by the name of its owner. Why is this needed? But why: for example, you need to find all the files created in Word, by one user, on the disk, where there are thousands of these files. In NT4, this was a problem. Using the Access Control List, you can easily check which files are available to the user and set access rights to separate files or directories.

In addition to directly changing the structure of NTFS itself, Microsoft Index Server has been added to W2k, which significantly speeds up the search for files, especially by their contents, due to indexing the contents of disks. This service is managed through the Indexing Service section of the Computer Management window. In this section you can view which directories are indexed, and, if desired, add new ones or delete old ones. This works with any partitions, not just NTFS.

NTFS5 adds features such as mount points or, in other words, junction points. This function has long been familiar to users of various versions of Unix / Linux, but it appeared for the first time in Microsoft products. Using this technology, you can attach any disk resource to any place in the file system. For example, you can attach the D: \\ hard drive to any of the directories on the C: \\ drive, for example, to C: \\ games Now, by going to the C: \\ games directory, you can see the contents of the root directory of the D: \\ drive. All changes that will be made in this directory will be made on the D: \\ drive. After that, you can remove the letter assigned to this disk (Change disk letter and path) in the Computer management -\u003e Disk Management window, and the user will not even know that two disks are installed on the computer! It will work with one C: \\ drive and the C: \\ games directory for it will be no different from others. To mount a drive or partition into a directory on an NTFS partition or drive, you can from the already familiar menu Change disk letter and path, select Add .. -\u003e Mount in this Ntfs folder -\u003e Browse: You can also manage this function through the command line, using the command mountvol.

7. What is a cluster?

Cluster - the minimum size of disk space that can be allocated by the file system to store one file. It is determined, as a rule, automatically, when formatting the hard drive, according to the dependence indicated in the table:

A small exception for the system partition: if it is less than 2048MB, then the cluster size, when using NTFS, is always 512 bytes.

There are several ways to find out the cluster size in W2k. Firstly, you can go to Administrative Tools -\u003e Computer Management -\u003e Storage -\u003e Disk Defragmenter. Choose desired drive and click on Analyze. After a few seconds, a sign appears where there are three buttons. Clicking on View Report launches a window in which there is a sea of \u200b\u200binformation about the selected disk, including Cluster size.

There is another method that is suitable not only for W2k. A small, ready-made small file is created, or taken, ranging in size from 1 byte to 500 bytes. Clicks on it right button mouse, select Properties. We look at two points, Size and Size on disk. Size should be something like 10 bytes (or what size it really has), and Size on disk will be, for example, 4096 bytes, which corresponds to the size of the cluster, i.e. 4K.

The cluster size can be selected by yourself, manually, however, only with formatting. This is done like this: "format d: / A: size", where size is the size of the cluster in bytes. However, there are some rules that should be followed: first, the cluster size must be a multiple of the size of the physical sector, that is, 512 bytes in the vast majority of cases; secondly, there are restrictions on the number of clusters per partition.

8. How to reduce the occupied space of installed XP?

You can delete directories:
1)% SystemRoot% \\ Driver Cache \\ i386 \\
This can be done if all the equipment is already up and running. When adding new equipment, the system will request a distribution.
2)% SystemRoot% \\ system32 \\ dllcache \\
This is the cache of protected system files used to auto recovery in case of damage. The default size of this folder is 400 MB, and it is determined by the SFCQuota parameter (0xFFFFFFFF) in the registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \\ SOFTWARE \\ Microsoft \\ Windows NT \\ CurrentVersion \\ Winlogon
You can change the cache size of system files using the sfc command:
sfc / cachesize \u003d 0 (you can enter a different value, for example, 3 MB), and then manually delete all the files in the specified directory. If you do not set / cachesize \u003d 0, then the next time you check the protected system files, the system will fill its cache again to the specified size.
3) Turn off System Restore. You can pass it here: System Properties -\u003e System Restore -\u003e Turn off System Restore for all drives. This erases all the information that is recorded by System Restore and is stored in the System Volume Information folder.

9. Is it possible to convert a FAT32 drive to NTFS without data loss?

1. You can use the CONVERT command volume: / FS: NTFS The conversion will occur the next time you reboot. There will be no loss of information, but it must be borne in mind that the cluster size after conversion will be 512 bytes, which is not very good on large partitions, in addition, the disk will be highly fragmented after conversion. Reverse conversion (NTFS -\u003e FAT) without data loss by means of XP is impossible, you will need to format the partition again.
2. The Partition Magic program will also be able to perform the conversion. C NTFS 5 has been working fine since version 6.0, but if you only use a bootable floppy disk, then version 5.01 is also suitable. This program also allows you to perform the inverse transformation without data loss and can even change the cluster size (unfortunately, only on FAT16 and FAT32). PartitionMagic does not work with dynamic disks, only with basic ones.

10. How to completely turn off SFC (System Files Protection)?

To do this, change the value of "SfcDisable" to "dword: ffffff9d". In order to turn it back on, the same key must be changed to 0.
However, remember that by doing this, you run the risk of experiencing all the consequences of Dll-hell, from a decrease in overall system performance to a wide variety of problems and glitches caused by replacing system libraries with incompatible versions from third-party manufacturers.

11. What parameters can be changed in boot.ini?

boot.ini is responsible for the boot order of the OS installed in the system, and allows you to set some boot parameters for these systems.

This file begins with a section.
There are only two parameters in this section:

Timeout, determines the time in seconds that the system waits before starting to load the OS by default, if several OSs are installed in the system.
Default, defines the system that is loaded by default.

The second section, which contains a list of possible OS downloads. For each OS, its location is indicated using the names ARC (Advanced RISC Computer).
scsi (*) or multi (*) - the scsi (*) element is used in the case of a SCSI controller with a disabled BIOS. The multi (*) element is used for all other types of disks, including IDE, EIDE, ESDI, and SCSI with BIOS enabled. (*) - the number of the adapter from which the download is made. Adapters are numbered from scratch, starting with the controller located closer to slot 0 on the mat. circuit board.

disk (*) - if (1) \u003d scsi (*), then it is equal to the logical device number (LUN) set for the disk. If (1) \u003d multi (*), then it is always zero.
rdisk (*) - if (1) \u003d multi (*), then it is equal to the disk number in the chain, the disk count starts from 0. If (1) \u003d muulti (*), then it is always zero
partition (*) - defines the disk partition containing the OS files. Unlike all other ARC name elements, the numbering of sections begins with 1, i.e. the first partition is designated partition (1), the second - partition (2), etc.
\\ path - defines the directory (or subdirectory) of the partition in which the OS files are located. By default, Windows NT / 2000 uses the \\ winnt path.

In addition, the text is written in quotation marks, which will be visible in the selection item of this OS in the start menu. After this text there may be keys that affect OS loading. The following keys are possible for W2k:

/ basevideo - with this key, the system will use only the standard VGA driver. This parameter may come in handy if you are installing a different video card for a short time, and you don’t want to suffer from rearranging drivers.

/ fastdetect - usually installed automatically when installing the system. When you install this key, the system does not detect all Plug and Play devices during the download process.

/ maxmem - determines the maximum RAM size that the system can use. Theoretically, it can help if you have a buggy RAM.
/ noguiboot - When using this key, a color splash screen will not be drawn at boot time. It can be used by those who do not want to look at this picture in 60 hertz. But it should be noted that in addition to this, BSODs will not be drawn at boot. But the system will hang if something is not in order, naturally it will not stop.

/ noserialmice \u003d - when using this parameter, the mouse connected to the COM port for the ports listed in parentheses will not be detected. If you do not specify port numbers, the mouse will not be detected on all ports.

/ bootlog - when this parameter is set, the system will write the boot log in% SystemRoot% \\ Nbtlog.txt This parameter can be used to find the reason why the system can boot only in safe mode.

/ safeboot - when it is installed, the system will boot into Safe mode. The same can be done by pressing F8 at the beginning of the system boot. Through the colon, you can specify several options for / safeboot. Minimal - the minimum configuration. Network - with network support. Dsrepair - available only in W2kServer and allows you to restore Active Directory from a backup made in advance. Alternateshell - allows you to use alternative graphical shells. By default, only Explorer (the standard shell) and Progman (inherited from Windows3.11 and NT 3.5) are installed with the system.
/ sos - displays a list of loaded drivers on the screen. It may help to figure out what the system stumbles upon when booting.

/ baudrate - this parameter indicates the speed with which the COM port will work for debugging the system. If you do not specify a specific speed, then there will be 9600 for the modem and 19200 for the null modem cable. When this option is enabled, the / debug option is automatically set

/ crashdebug - the debugger is loaded with this flag, but remains inactive until a kernel error occurs. Can be used by developers software.

/ debugport \u003d com * - indicates the COM port number (* must be the port number) used with the debugger. Automatically turns on the / debug switch

/ debug - a debugger is loaded, which can be activated by another computer through the connected COM port. It can be used by software developers.
/ nodebug - debugging information is not displayed on the screen.

/ hal - specifies the name of the file that should be used as hal.dll after loading. for more details, see question 5 of the chapter "Recovery".

/ kernel - specifies the name of the file that should be used as ntoskrnl.dll after boot. for more details, see question 5 of the chapter "Recovery".

12. How do I install Win9x with XP already installed?

Win9x overwrites the XP boot sector during installation. Whatever happens, before installing Win9x, you need to properly configure its installer.
To do this, in the MSBATCH.INF file (if there is no such file in your distribution,
create it) you need to register the following lines:

CleanBoot \u003d 0

After installation, Win9x installs the default bootstrap on itself, but it changes easily. If the Win9x distribution is located on a CD (as it usually happens), then the corrected or newly created MSBATCH.INF can be used by running the Win9x installer with the parameter:
setup.exe drive: \\ path \\ MSBATCH.INF
In this case, the file can be called anything, not just MSBATCH.INF.

13. How to change the letter of the system / boot disk in XP?

Changing the letter may be required in the event of a breakdown of the mirrored volume or when changing the configuration of the disk subsystem. The following describes how to swap letters for drives C and D. If you do not need to swap letters, just change the value \\ DosDevice \\ [letter]: to any unused letter. Keep in mind that if you change the drive letter in a normally working system, programs that use the absolute addressing method will stop working - you will have to reinstall them or manually change all the wrong paths in the registry.

• Log in as an administrator and run Regedt.exe.
• Open the key HKLM \\ SYSTEM \\ MountedDevices and allow the administrator full access to it (Security menu -\u003e Permissions).
• In HKLM \\ SYSTEM \\ MountedDevices, find the drive letter that you want to change, in our case it is "\\ DosDevices \\ C:".
• Change the letter to any unused one, for example, "\\ DosDevices \\ Z:".
• Select the second changeable drive letter, i.e. "\\ DosDevices \\ D:", change
• it to the required one, in our case there will be "\\ DosDevices \\ C:"
• Select the value \\ DosDevices \\ Z: and rename it to "\\ DosDevices \\ D:".
• Reboot the computer.

14. How to rename the Administrator account folder?

We go into the system under the administrator account, create a folder with the desired name in the Documents and Settings directory. Then - right click on the icon "My computer" -\u003e Properties -\u003e Advanced -\u003e User Profiles, click the Copy To ... button and copy the administrator profile to the created folder. Run regedit and find the key:
HKLM \\ SOFTWARE \\ Microsoft \\ Windows NT \\ CurrentVersion \\ ProfileList
In this key, we find the branch corresponding to the administrator profile by the value of the ProfileImagePath key and in it we correct this parameter to the desired one. Relocate, if everything went well, you can delete the old folder - it will no longer be needed.

Greetings. I decided today to write about how to install windows xp. They just brought me a computer, so old, already old. 256 MB RAM, Celeron processor, 40 GB hard drive. Well then? That where there, XP is the most for him.

It’s just that everyone is already writing about installing Windows 8, but something went wrong to me in the old days. Well, okay, I think that XP will still live, because whatever you say it's a good OS, and many still work with it. Immediately I want to apologize for the pictures, photographed on a 15-inch monitor, also on the phone. Ideally, of course, you could install Windows XP on a virtual machine and make beautiful screenshots, but I have a live example :).

Preparing to install Windows XP

Important! Make sure that there is no information important to you on drive C (the drive on which you installed or the operating system was installed). Desktop and folder "My documents" stored on drive C. If there is information, then it can be copied to drive D using a boot disk.

If everything is fine, then move on. Insert the Windows XP installation disc into the computer drive and restart the computer. Ate after starting the download at the bottom of the screen you will see the download (the points will move), then everything is fine. Quickly press any key (do not have time :), restart the computer again) and you can proceed to the beginning of the installation.

Well, if you didn’t start booting from the CD, and the computer started to boot from the hard drive as usual, or if an error occurred through which you started reinstalling the operating system, it means that you did not set the boot from the drive in the BIOS first. I already wrote an article about it, but in this computer the BIOS was different from what is described in the article.

Go to the “Boot” tab.

Push “ Boot device Priority. ”

Using the “Enter” and “Up” “Down” keys, first set the CD / DVD, then the hard drive, etc. Now press F10 and save the changes. The computer will restart and boot the CD. Press any button and go to the beginning of the installation.

Windows XP installation process

As soon as you press any key, we see this:

Here you have to wait, well, nothing can be done, we are waiting :).

In this window, press “Enter”.

Accept license agreement by pressing the F8 key.

As you can see, I already found an old version of Windows XP and you can try to restore it, but I think you also need a clean installation, so press “Esc”.

We select the partition on the hard drive in which we want to install the operating system. Typically, this is C:, select it and press “Enter”.

Confirm the installation with the “C” key.

Here you need to choose how the section will be formatted. I advise you to choose in FAT and not fast. Click “Enter.” Confirm the format by pressing the “F” key.

We are waiting for the partition on the hard disk to be formatted.

Copying files from a disk will immediately begin, again we wait :(.

You can immediately configure the language and keyboard. Click “Next.”

Enter your name and the name of the organization. Move on.

Set the time and date. Click “Next.”

We are waiting again, but do not go far :).

I left “Common Settings” and clicked “Next”.

You can register with Microsoft. But I refused. We continue.

Specify computer users.

Congratulations! Windows XP installation is complete.

All friends, the installation is complete and you can start using the computer. I also want to note that I installed the simplest assembly of Windows XP. You may also have an assembly for example from ZWER, there the installation process may differ slightly. For example, in this version I also entered the key, I forgot to take a picture. And in the assembly from ZWER, there seems to be no such item. Well, if you ask for the key, then look for it in the text file that you most likely downloaded from the disk image.

Well, everything seems to be. Good luck friends!

Iron PC [Popular tutorial] Ptashinsky Vladimir

Windows XP installation options

Windows XP installation options

There are several ways to install the Windows XP operating system.

In update mode, on top of the operating system installed on the computer windows systems. In this case, the old version of the OS is deleted, since the new one is installed in the same logical partition (and in the same directory) of the hard drive. Installation takes place in Windows mode.

Keeping the old operating system (not necessarily Windows). As a result, two (or more, depending on how many systems were installed initially) operating systems with the ability to boot and work in any of them will independently exist on the computer. In this case, it is better to install the new OS in a separate logical partition (or on new hard disk). Installation takes place in Windows mode.

On top of the Windows operating system in recovery mode. If your OS suddenly crashes, it’s much more convenient not to reinstall it again, but to restore it. True, this method of treatment does not always help.

From scratch, onto a new and clean hard drive that does not contain any operating systems.

More recently, there were many ways to install the operating system. For example, to install Windows 98, you had to boot the computer using a special floppy disk that came with the Windows 98 CD-ROM. The operating system was loaded from the floppy disk in command line (in fact, the good old MS-DOS), as well as drivers for the CD drive. After the drive “came to life”, the installation program from the CD was launched.

Now everything is much simpler. Windows XP and Vista distributions are located on boot disks (CD or DVD). You just need to install such a disk in the drive and boot the computer from this disk. The installation program starts automatically. Before installation, the program checks your computer for already installed operating systems and, depending on the results of this scan, offers different installation options.

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Graphical step of installing Windows Before continuing with the description of installing Windows XP, I will make a small digression. If you have not dealt with a computer and the Windows operating system before, then you need to familiarize yourself with the basic principles of working in the operating system. For

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Windows installation path Sometimes you have to reinstall Windows from different places - from your hard drive, from a CD, from a CD-RW writer. But Windows remembers the path of the installation files, which sometimes creates a problem. To “trick” Windows, use in the section

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11.2. Special Windows Vista Installation Techniques Installing Windows Vista on a RAID Array RAID technology (Redundant Array of Independent Disk, or redundant array of independent disks) allows you to combine multiple hard drives into a single logical unit to increase speed and reliability

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Configuring a laptop, or What to do after installing Windows You can consider this chapter on tuning a bonus to this book - I think that you will not find anywhere more detailed and without water instructions on how to set up the OS for maximum speed. In the film “Moscow Doesn’t Tear

From the author’s book

Other installation wizards windows components As you can see, there are a lot of network wizards in the Windows operating system. This is because setting up a network is considered a daunting task, and Microsoft is trying everything with every version of its operating system.

From the author’s book

Dialog for installing Windows components. A separate part of the Add or Remove Programs window is the Install Windows Components dialog, which is called by clicking the corresponding button. As a rule, this dialog does not include information about all components of Windows,

Windows XP today remains one of the most popular operating systems. Users appreciate it for its reliability and ability to work on a weak old hardware. Step-by-step installation of Windows XP is a fairly quick and easy process. Below is a detailed description of it.

Preparing the computer to install a new OS

The easiest way to install Windows XP is with installation disk. If, instead of reading data from it, the system started loading the old OS or a black screen appeared that did not respond to button presses, you just need to go into the BIOS and make the appropriate settings:

1. Open the Advansed BIOS Features section or BIOS / Boot Device Priority;
2. Select First Boot Devise;
3. In the list that opens, select the value CDROM or the name of your drive;
4. Save the result by pressing F10 and reboot the PC.

Note that there are a lot of BIOS versions for laptops today, so the described actions in the case of installing the OS on a laptop can be slightly different.

We proceed directly to the installation

The first window is blue screen. It is at this stage that the step-by-step installation of software for installing Windows XP on SCSI (high-speed disk) or on a RAID array is performed. To do this, press F6, after which the installation of the appropriate drivers will begin. But in most cases, users install the system on a regular hard drive, for which no intervention in the installation process is required at this stage, you just need to wait for the next welcome screen.

1. Install Windows XP. The standard choice in most cases is to install the system from scratch or restore the old one. A convenient graphical interface is used.
2. System recovery using the console. This is the choice of professional users and wizards - recovery is done from the command line using DOS commands. In this case, a complete reinstallation of the system is not performed.

Next, the system proceeds to search for previously installed OS versions. If any were found, the list will be displayed on this screen below, options for the following actions will be offered in the menu:

• restore old Windows XP;
• install a new copy of the OS.

In the first case, you can use earlier installed applications. Only system files will be replaced, while the installation will be completed completely. The second option involves a complete rearrangement of the system.

No list will appear not only if Windows XP is installed on an "empty" computer, but also if the previously installed system has a different edition or service pack.

The most crucial moment of installation

The next installation item is perhaps the most important, and it should be carried out thoughtfully and carefully. You will need to identify the system partition and allocate disk space so that on virtual diskreserved for the system, there was enough space for its functioning.

Of course, for the system, and for your personal data, you can use the same partition equal to the entire space of the hard drive, but such an organization is guaranteed to create many problems in the future.

Partition a disk

If you are installing Windows XP on a completely new disk, then you yourself have to distribute the partitions, as this step-by-step procedure has never been done before. The size of the unallocated area will be indicated in the window that appears - it will coincide with the size of the entire hard disk.

Here it is necessary to create the so-called the system partition is the one where the OS will be installed. To do this, in megabytes (1 GB is equal to 1024 MB) indicate its size and press "Enter" on the keyboard. After that, you will again return to the window in which the hard disk is partitioned. The created section will already be displayed on a separate line with the Latin letter assigned to it (usually C).

You should not save on the size of the system partition - the stability of the system will depend on this. The minimum space for installing Windows XP is 20 GB, but it is better to give it not 20, but 40, or even all 60 GB.

Similarly, we create other sections for personal data from the remaining unallocated area, however, you should not get carried away with quantity - in this case, large files and folders will be distributed less efficiently, and navigation through sections will become more confusing.

Formatting the system partition

Next, you will need to select the partition to install the system (in our case, drive C) and press the "Enter" key. A window will open in which you will be asked to format the section.
Choose fast formatting in the NFTS system (FAT is deprecated). After formatting is complete, the installation of system files starts.
The most difficult installation phase has been completed.

By the way, if the disk that you divided into partitions is not formatted, then it will be possible to carry out this procedure with each of the created partitions for personal data after the installation of Windows XP is completed by standard means.

If you are swapping the system and the disk is already divided into partitions, then you just need to select the partition with the reinstallable system, format it and start the installation process. If you decide to format the remaining sections, then all information on them will be lost.

Finish the installation

After the system files are copied, the computer will reboot and installation will continue.

We determine the initial parameters:

Windows XP - a good option to install on a netbook, on a weak desktop computer, or a laptop released many years ago.
The operating system Windows XP, despite the fact that it was released in 2001, is so far well suited for working on low-power, outdated computers. More modern operating systems Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7 impose more serious requirements on computer hardware.

During the creation of Windows XP, CDs were used to install the operating system, which were inserted into the CD / DVD drives of the computer. Era of figurative USB flash drives has not yet arrived, so Microsoft has not provided a tool to install the system from a bootable USB flash drive.

Installing Windows XP through a USB flash drive takes place in three stages:

• Creating a bootable flash drive.
• The choice of booting from a USB flash drive in the computer BIOS.
• Installing Windows XP on a computer from the installation flash drive.

Creating a bootable USB flash drive with Windows XP

To create a bootable flash drive, we use free program WinSetupFromUSB. We also need clean USB stick to write to the USB flash drive of the system.

There is a detailed article on my site. Read the article, write down the operating system on the USB flash drive according to the instructions.

BIOS boot priority selection

Insert the Windows XP USB stick into the USB port, and then turn on the computer. Immediately after starting the PC, you must click on a specific key of the keyboard to enter the BIOS settings to select the boot priority from a bootable USB flash drive or DVD drive.

On the different devices different keys or keyboard shortcuts are used.

After starting the computer, the hardware testing begins, at which time you must quickly press the key to enter the BIOS. The most commonly used keys are “Del”, “F2” and “F8” for quick loading.

Work in the BIOS is carried out using the keyboard keys. The BIOS window explains in English which keys you need to use to configure.

In the AMIBIOS settings, go to the Advanced BIOS Features menu, where you need to choose as the first boot device USB drive by moving it to the first place.

AMI BIOS ver.3.31a

In other BIOS versions, open the Boot tab, select usb flash drive, Install it as the first boot device, if installing from a USB flash drive. Select DVD driveif installing from disk.

Save the settings, and then exit the BIOS. Immediately after that, the computer will boot the system from the installation flash drive or from a CD / DVD disc, if an optical disc is used to install Windows XP.

If you didn’t have time to enter the BIOS in time, it’s okay: restart your computer again, and then try again.

How to install Windows XP from a flash drive

In the first window with the inscription "Press any key to boot from CD" you need to press any key on the keyboard.

To create a flash drive, we used the WinSetupFromUSB program, so the MultiBoot USB window opens on the screen, in which you need to select "Installation Microsoft Windows XP SP3 x86 - Russian version ».

If you install from the disk, the window above does not exit.

Installation of the Windows XP system begins. After downloading the necessary files, the Windows XP Professional installer window opens. Required Press any keyotherwise the installation will not start.

Press the " Enter»To start the installation of the operating system.
All offered options:
1. Proceed to install windows xp (Enter key)
2. Restore windows (R key)
3. Exit the installer (F3 key)

We accept the license agreement by pressing the " F8».

If the system is already installed on the computer, the sections of the hard disk will be displayed in the window. You can delete all partitions and install the system in an unallocated area, (be careful, after deleting a section or formatting it, you will lose all data) or select an existing system partition to install.

We will install Windows XP in the unallocated area. In the unallocated area, if necessary, you can create an additional non-system disk partition (partition D - for data storage).

An unlabeled area is selected on our computer. To start the installation of Windows, click on " Enter».

• Format a partition on an NTFS (Fast) system.
• Format a partition on an NTFS system.

This window may offer formatting to the FAT file system, do not consider this option.

You can select any of these formatting options in NTFS. In the first case, formatting the partition will be faster.

The system partition is being formatted.

The system copies the files to the Windows installation folders.

Upon completion, the computer will restart.
Then a window will appear with the inscription “Press any key to boot from CD”, in this time we do not push anything!

Information appears in the installer window telling about the functions of the operating system. Installing Windows XP will take some time, the approximate time until the installation is complete is displayed in the Windows installer window.

Above the window of the system installation wizard, windows open for configuring certain parameters.

In the window " language and regional standards"Select a language, click on the button" Further". In the Russified version of Windows XP, Russian is selected by default.

In the next window, be sure to enter " Account Name ”, for example, Alexander.

You can enter anything you want. This name will be displayed in the system as the computer username.

If you are a regular user, " name of the organization» do not enter.

In the Product Key window, enter the key for the copy of Windows. (this window may not exit - depends on windows builds XP ) You can skip this step, the system can be activated later, after the installation is completed on the computer.

If you did not enter the key in the previous window, in the “ Mistake"Click on the button" Not».

In the next window, enter " Computer name"For example Dell, and admin password. If you will not use a password, leave the corresponding fields blank, and then click on the “ Further". If necessary, you can set the administrator password later.

In the window " Time and Date Setting»- select the time, date and time zone.

The Windows XP Setup program window opens again.

In the next window " Network settings"Select" Common Options».

In the window " Workgroup or domain"Click on the button" Further"Without changing anything.

The Windows XP installation window opens again.

Installation of the operating system continues for some time. After the installation is completed, the computer will restart.

A welcome window will open, and then Windows XP will start.

Windows XP installation completed.

Enter the BIOS, select the computer’s hard disk (HDD) as the first boot device. Next, install the necessary drivers on the PC. You can have drivers on the disk that came with the computer, or you can go to the official website of the equipment manufacturer and download the necessary drivers from there. About this in more detail in the article: ". This article has links to the official websites of motherboard manufacturers and video adapters.

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