Windows XP remains one of the most popular operating systems today. Users appreciate it for its reliability and ability to work on weak old hardware. The step-by-step installation of Windows XP is a fairly quick and easy process. Below is a detailed description of it.
Preparing your computer for a new OS
The simplest way that can be done Windows installation XP - from the installation disk. If, instead of reading data from it, the system started loading the old OS or a black screen appeared that did not respond to button presses, then you just need to go into the BIOS and make the appropriate settings:
- Open the Advanced BIOS Features section or BIOS/ boot device priority;
- Choose an item First Boot Devise;
- In the list that opens, select the CDROM value or the name of your drive;
- Save the result by pressing the F10 key and restart the PC.
Note that there are a lot of BIOS versions for laptops today, so the described steps in the case of installing the OS on a laptop may be somewhat different.
Go directly to the installation
First window - blue screen. It is at this stage that the step by step installation software for Windows installations XP to SCSI (high speed disk) or RAID. To do this, press F6, after which the installation of the corresponding drivers will begin. But in most cases, users install the system on a regular hard drive, for which no intervention in the installation process is required at this stage, you just need to wait for the next welcome screen.
- Install Windows XP. The standard choice in most cases is to install the system from scratch or restore the old one. A user-friendly graphical interface is used.
- Restoring the system using the console. This is the choice of professional users and wizards - recovery is performed from the command line using DOS commands. In this case, a complete reinstallation of the system is not performed.
Next, the system proceeds to search for previously installed OS versions. If any were found, then the list will be displayed on this screen below, the menu will offer options for further actions:
- restore old Windows XP;
- install a new copy of the OS.
In the first case, you can use earlier installed applications. Only system files will be replaced, while the installation will be completed completely. The second option involves a complete rearrangement of the system.
No list will appear not only if Windows XP is installed on an "empty" computer, but also if the previously installed system has a different edition or service pack.
The most crucial moment of installation
The next installation step is perhaps the most important, and should be carried out thoughtfully and carefully. You will need to define the system partition and allocate disk space in such a way that there is enough space on the virtual disk allocated for the system for its functioning.
Of course, you can use the same partition equal to the entire hard disk space for both the system and your personal data, but such an organization is guaranteed to create many problems in the future.
Partitioning a disk
If you are installing Windows XP on a completely new drive, then you will have to distribute partitions yourself, since previously this step by step procedure never produced. In the window that appears, the size of the unallocated area will be indicated - it will match the size of the entire hard disk. 
Here it is necessary to create a so-called. system partition - the one where the OS will be installed. To do this, you need to specify its size in megabytes (1 GB is equal to 1024 MB) and press "Enter" on the keyboard. After that, you will again return to the window in which the hard disk is partitioned. The created section will already be displayed in a separate line with a Latin letter assigned to it (usually C). 
On size system partition You should not save money - the stability of the system will depend on this. The minimum space for installing Windows XP is 20 GB, but it is better to give it not 20, but 40, or even all 60 GB.
Similarly, from the remaining unallocated area, we create other sections for personal data, however, you should not get carried away with the quantity - in this case, files and folders big size will be distributed less efficiently, and section navigation will become more confusing.
Formatting the system partition
Next, you will need to select the partition for installing the system (in our case, drive C) and press the "Enter" key. A window will open asking you to format the partition. 
Choose quick format in NFTS system (FAT is obsolete). After formatting, the installation process will start system files. 
The most difficult stage of the installation is over.
By the way, if the disk that you have partitioned is not formatted, then you can carry out this procedure with each of the created partitions for personal data even after completing the installation of Windows XP using standard means.
If you are reinstalling the system and the disk is already partitioned, then you should simply select the partition with the system to be reinstalled, format it and start the installation process. If you decide to format the remaining partitions, then all information on them will be lost.
Finishing the installation
After the system files have been copied, the computer will restart and the installation will continue.
We define the initial parameters:
Legendary and everyone beloved Windows XP has not been supported by Microsoft for more than a year, but continues to be quite popular among users. The reason for this is its amazing stability and performance, plus a user-friendly and perfectly familiar interface.
If for some reason you decide to return to this version of the OS from Microsoft or are faced with the need to restore its performance, then it will be useful for you to remember how to install Windows XP.
What will be required
First, let's figure out what you need to have on hand in order to successfully install Windows:
In addition, if you do not have an installation disk, you will need special software to create it. Fortunately, such utilities are distributed for free, and therefore there should be no problems with downloading them.
If you don't have an installation disk, you need to create one. To do this, it is better to use Windows XP SP3, downloaded from a reliable source and not burdened with a huge number of additional programs and features.
Ideally, if the downloaded assembly is as close as possible to the original distribution. Then the chances that the system will be installed and will work correctly are very high.
Create installation disk You can use any program that supports burning ISO images. Let's take the DeepBurner utility as an example.
Alternatively, you can use the UltraISO utility, which will also write the distribution to disk without any problems. Another option is Ashampoo Burning Studio.
BIOS setup
After creating the disk (if you did not have the original media), you need to change the BIOS settings by adjusting the boot order.
Insert the disc into CD/DVD-ROM and restart your computer. Open BIOS. This can usually be done using the F2, Delete, or F12 keys. The specific key must be specified on the start screen that appears immediately after starting the computer.
Depending on the BIOS version, the location and name of the sections may vary. In any case, look for an item called "BOOT".
The "BOOT" section can be visible or hidden in other sections - for example, in "Advanced BIOS Features". 
You need to set the boot priority: the first should be the drive, then the HDD. Changing the boot order in BIOS is done using the PageUp / PageDown keys or the arrows on the keyboard.
Press F10 to exit BIOS, saving the new system boot options.
System installation
After exiting the BIOS and rebooting, you will be taken to a screen that says "Press any key to boot from CD". Follow the request and press any button on the keyboard. 
The installation menu should appear on the screen, where you can choose how to install - manually or automatically. It is recommended to select manual mode.
A blue screen will appear that says "Installing Windows". Wait for the system configuration check to complete. 
On the next screen, you will see an installer welcome message. Press "Enter" to proceed to the installation of Windows. 
A "License Agreement" will appear (if you are using the official distribution, not a build like Zver). Press F8 to accept the terms of the agreement. 
If you already have a system partition, select it. If you have new hard disk, you will have to create a new partition where they will be copied Windows files. To perform this procedure, press the "C" key. 
Select NTFS format (Quick) and run it. During the formatting process, all files stored on the system partition will be erased, so make sure that there is no important data on it. 
After formatting is complete, copying of Windows files will begin. 
When the files are copied, the computer will restart.
Attention! When starting the computer, you must choose to boot from drive C, otherwise you will restart the system installation process.
Next, the installation of the system on the computer will begin directly. You only need to specify some parameters, for example, the language: 
After a while, another window will appear asking you to enter your name. It can be anything. 
Enter license key product if you have one. When using various free assemblies, you usually do not need to specify a license key. 
Enter the computer name and password if you want to protect the system from unauthorized access. 
Change the time, date and time zone if they are incorrect. 
Wait for the installation to complete - it usually takes about 40 minutes. 
After that, you will see a greeting and a long-awaited work windows desk with familiar hills.
Installing drivers and useful programs
Sometimes additional programs are installed immediately after the end of the Windows installation process. Usually this happens when installing not the original distribution, but the assembly downloaded from the Internet. 
After finishing the installation of the system, proceed directly to the installation of drivers. Install the software first motherboard and network card, then add the drivers for your video card and other hardware. Do not forget to restart your computer after installing the next driver package.
The main problem when installing software on Windows XP is compatibility with the system. Many programs and device drivers simply won't install correctly, resulting in incorrect work computer. Therefore, it is important to choose the right software, taking into account Windows version and its rank.
After installing all the components necessary for correct operation, you can proceed to configure other parameters - for example, appearance. Install a theme on Windows XP if you want to make your system look different or modernize a bit. 
Want to add handy widgets to your desktop? Install gadgets on Windows XP and manage their location on the desktop. The main thing here is not to overdo it and not overload the system with visually attractive "chips" that do not carry any practical benefit.
Conclusion
Now you know how to install Windows XP from a disc. Finally, let's once again go over the main points that you definitely need to remember when installing the system, if you want everything to go without errors.
Use the original distribution or build as close as possible to it. No need to install various superassemblies that are crammed with additional programs and functions.
Prepare a disk with drivers for the motherboard and network card in advance. Find out in advance if your hardware is compatible with Windows XP; if you have new computer, there may be some problems. 
If you really don't like latest versions OS from Microsoft, think about installing Windows 7. The Seven, although it is also no longer supported by Microsoft, is more modern system, and therefore there will be much less problems with equipment compatibility when using it.
Greetings. Decided to write about it today. how to install windows xp. They just brought me a computer, so-so, old already. RAM 256 MB, Celeron processor, HDD 40 GB. Well, what? That where there, XP is the most for him.
It’s just that everyone is already writing about installing Windows 8, but something has carried me back to the old days. Well, okay, I think that XP will live on, because whatever one may say, this is a good OS and many still work with it. Just want to apologize for the pictures, photographed on a 15-inch monitor, also on the phone. Ideally, of course, you could install Windows XP on a virtual machine and make beautiful screenshots, but I have a living example :).
Preparing to install Windows XP
Important! Make sure that there is no important information on the C drive (the drive on which you have installed or had installed the operating system). Desktop and folder "My documents" stored on drive C. If there is information, then it can be copied to drive D using boot disk.
If everything is fine, then we move on. Insert the Windows XP installation disc into your computer drive and restart your computer. If after the start of the download at the bottom of the screen you will see the download (the dots will move), then everything is fine. Quickly press any key (did not have time :), restart the computer again) and you can proceed to the beginning of the installation.
Well, if you didn’t boot from the CD, and the computer started to boot as usual with hard drive, or an error appeared through which you undertook to reinstall the operating system, it means that you have not set the boot from the drive in the BIOS in the first place. I already wrote an article about that, but in this computer the BIOS was different from what is described in the article.
Go to the tab "Boot".
Click "Boot Device Priority".
Using the keys "Enter" and "Up" "Down" set the first CD / DVD, then the hard drive, etc. Now press F10 and save the changes. The computer will restart and the CD will begin loading. Press any button and proceed to the beginning of the installation.
Windows XP installation process
As soon as you pressed any key, we see this:
Here you have to wait, well, nothing can be done, we are waiting :).
In this window, press "Enter".
Accept license agreement by pressing the F8 key.
As you can see, I have already found the old Windows version XP and you can try to restore it, but I think you also need a clean installation, so press “Esc”.
Select the partition on the hard disk in which we want to install the operating system. As a rule, this is C:, select it and press “Enter”.
Confirm the setting with the "C" key.
Here you need to choose how the partition will be formatted. I advise you to choose FAT and not fast. Press "Enter". Confirm formatting by pressing the "F" key.
We are waiting for the partition on the hard drive to be formatted.
Copying files from the disk will start immediately, we are waiting again :(.
You can immediately set up the language and keyboard. Click "Next".
Enter your name and organization name. Go ahead.
Set up the time and date. Click "Next".
We are waiting again, but do not go far :).
I left “Regular options” and clicked "Next".
You can register with Microsoft. But I refused. We continue.
Specify computer users.
Congratulations! Windows XP installation is complete.
All friends, the installation is complete and you can start using your computer. I also want to note that I installed the simplest build Windows xp. You may also have an assembly, for example, from ZWER, where the installation process may be slightly different. For example, in this version, I also entered the key, I forgot to take a picture. And in the assembly from ZWER, there seems to be no such item. Well, if it asks for a key, then look for it in a text file that you most likely downloaded from the disk image.
Well, like everything. Good luck friends!
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Installation.
1. How to install XP?
There are several ways. First, if your distribution CD is similar to the one produced by Microsoft, then it must be bootable. To boot from it, you need to set the "Boot sequence" parameter in the BIOS-e to CD-ROM, insert the CD and reboot. After the computer starts, the installer will launch. Next, just follow the instructions. This is the only method that will download directly into the installer. Microsoft considers the CD-ROM to be an indispensable and absolutely necessary part for a computer on which XP is installed, so the good old four-floppy boot method is no longer supported. Secondly, you can boot from a DOS system floppy with a CD-ROM driver and run the "winnt.exe" program in the i386 directory on the distribution disk.
Note: if your hard drive is connected to an external controller (SCSI or IDE), don't forget to download the new XP (or W2k) driver for it and put it on a floppy disk. You will need it if the installation program cannot correctly identify and install the device. In this case, you must press F6 when searching for such devices.
And finally, you can run the "setup.exe" program from the root directory of the CD, or winnt32.exe from the i386 directory, under W9x, NT4 or W2k, and upgrade the system to XP. She does it very correctly and before rebooting she gives a list of programs and drivers incompatible with XP.
However, the latter method is not the most optimal. Even though XP tries to determine on its own the list of programs and drivers that won't work correctly with it, it can't do it right in all cases. Therefore, in order to avoid compatibility problems, we would recommend that you install the system again.
There is an even more radical method for solving compatibility problems. When installing on top of an existing OS, you will have the option of choosing an OS (Dual boot).
Note: after installing XP as a separate OS, normal operation will not be possible Outlook Express and Internet Explorer in Windows 9x, because W2k will replace the latter. This is true only if both operating systems are installed on the same disk partition. But, this problem can be solved by copying some DLLs from WinNT\System32 to Windows\System. To determine the required libraries, you can use the ShowDep () program or similar information shows Outlook Express in the "About" window. In addition, many programs will have to be installed twice, once for XP, and once for W9x. Sometimes, you can go to the same directory, for example, Office 2000 is already able to understand during installation that it has already been installed, and as a result, it installs only about 18 megabytes.
2. How to choose the right version of the kernel and HAL during installation?
At the very beginning of the text phase of the XP installation, when the message "Setup is inspecting your computer" s hardware configuration" appears, press and hold the "F5" key. In the list of HAL library versions that appears on the screen, select the version that matches your computer, or select "Other" to point to the hardware manufacturer's library file, then continue with Windows Setup. XP package included next versions HAL libraries:
ACPI Multiprocessor PC - for ACPI systems with multiple processors
ACPI Uniprocessor PC - used for ACPI systems with a multiprocessor motherboard and one processor installed
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) PC - used for uniprocessor ACPI systems
Compaq SystemPro Multiprocessor or 100% Compatible - for Compaq SystemPro computers or fully compatible with them
MPS Uniprocessor PC - for systems without ACPI support, with a multiprocessor motherboard and one processor installed
MPS Multiprocessor PC - for multiprocessor systems without ACPI support
Standard PC - used for any standard computer that is not multiprocessor and does not support ACPI.
SGI mp - for Silicon Graphics graphics stations.
3. During installation, the system does not allow you to select components, and after installation, there is almost nothing in Add / Remove programs - Windows Components.
Unfortunately, you won't be able to choose anything during the installation. But, after installation, in Windows / inf, find the sysoc.inf file and delete the word hide or HIDE in it wherever you find it. New items will appear in Add/Remove Windows components. Unfortunately, it is impossible to delete all of the items that have appeared, but something can still be done.
4. Should I switch from FAT32 to NTFS?
It all depends on the purpose for which you use the computer, and how much you have random access memory. It should be noted that NTFS is somewhat slower than FAT due to additional downloadable services and its security system. If you have little RAM, and you decide to install XP for yourself, then you definitely cannot install NTFS for yourself. If you have 128MB or more, then you might want to consider NTFS. You should weigh the advantages and disadvantages of NTFS for the average user and decide what you need. The advantages of FAT32 include the fact that it is faster and requires less memory to work. If the system works only with FAT32, then the drivers and services required by NTFS are not loaded into memory. In addition, when using FAT32, it is possible to access the disk when booting from a W9x bootable floppy. The benefits of NTFS for the average user can be summarized in one capacious word: indestructible. In all seriousness, knocking out NTFS is extremely difficult, although possible. For experience, a bunch was launched various applications, disk optimizers, and at the most inopportune moments shrugged reset button. The repetition of this sadism a good dozen times did not make any impression on the system, it continued to work without errors. In addition, NTFS has built-in file encryption, which provides some confidence in the safety of data. Of course, provided that the system will not be reinstalled.5. What exactly is NTFS, and how does it work?
NTFS grew out of a file HPFS systems, developed jointly by IBM and Microsoft for the OS / 2 project. It began to be used with Windows NT 3.1 in 1993. Windows NT 3.1 was supposed to compete with NetWare and Unix based servers, so NTFS incorporated all the technological advances of the time. Here are the main ones:1. Working with large disks. NTFS has a cluster size of 512 bytes, which is optimal in principle, but it can be changed up to 64K. More importantly, NTFS is theoretically capable of handling 16,777,216 terabyte volumes. Theoretically, because such hard drives yet simply does not exist, and they will appear very soon.
2. Sustainability. NTFS contains two copies of the FAT analogue, which are called MFT (Master File Table). Unlike FAT MSDOS, MFT is more like a database table. If the original MFT is damaged due to a hardware error (for example, the appearance of a bad sector), then the system uses a copy of the MFT at the next boot, and automatically creates a new original, already taking into account the damage. But this is not the most important thing. The main thing is that NTFS uses a transaction system when writing files to disk. This system comes from the DBMS, where data integrity protection is vital. This already speaks volumes about its effectiveness. In simplified form, it works like this:
- The NTFS I/O driver initiates the write process while telling the Log File Service to log everything that happens.
- The data is written to the cache, under the control of the Cache Manager service.
- The Cache Manager sends data to the Virtual Memory Manager (virtual memory manager) to be written to disk in the background.
- Virtual Memory Manager sends data to the disk driver by passing it through the Fault Tolerant Driver (if you have a RAID disk array).
- The disk driver sends them to the controller, which already writes them either to the cache or directly to the disk.
- If this operation passes without errors, the log entry is deleted.
- If a failure occurs, the log entry remains in the transaction table, and the next time the disk is accessed, the Log File Service detects this entry and simply restores everything as it was before this operation.
3. Security. NTFS treats files as objects. Each file object has properties such as its name, creation date, date latest update, archive status, and a security descriptor. The file object also contains a set of methods that allow you to work with it, such as open , close , read , and write . Users, including network users, call these methods to access the file, and the Security Reference Monitor determines whether the user has necessary rights to call any of these methods. In addition, files can be encrypted. True, you should be careful with encryption. If your system crashes or you reinstall it, you won't be able to read encrypted files if you don't have an ERD.
4. Data compression. NTFS allows you to compress individual directories and files, unlike DriveSpace, which only allows you to compress entire disks. This is very convenient to save disk space, for example, you can compress large files on the fly. graphic files BMP format, or text files, and for the user all this will be transparent.
5. Support ISO format Unicode. The Unicode format uses 16bit to encode each character, unlike ASCII which used 8bit, or worse, 7bit. For a simple user, this means that now he can name files in any language, even in Chinese - the system will support this without requiring you to change the code page, as DOS and W9x did.
6. What's new in the NTFS5 file system, and how is it different from NTFS4?
The most important thing for which NT4 was scolded, and in which it was inferior to NetWare, was the lack of quotas. A quota is a limit on the maximum amount of disk space a user can use. Why is this needed? Well, on computers operating in large networks, in firms and organizations, it’s clear why without question, because hard drives are not rubber. And on home computer, you can, for example, allocate no more than 50MB to the user "wife" or "younger brother" on the hard drive so that they do not litter the disk with anything. Moreover, it is not at all necessary that all user files be stored in one place, they may well be scattered across all disks. Quotas are set through the Properties of the NTFS partition, tab Quota. Through Quota Entries... you can set quotas for each individual user.The second, rather important difference between NTFS5 and old version- the ability to search for a file by the name of its owner. Why is this needed? But why: for example, you need to find all the files created in Word, by some one user, on a disk where there are thousands of these files. In NT4 this was a problem. With the Access Control List, you can easily check which files are available to the user and set access rights to individual files or directories.
In addition to directly changing the NTFS structure itself, W2k has added the Microsoft Index Server, which significantly speeds up file searches, especially by their contents, by indexing the contents of disks. This service is managed through the Indexing Service section of the Computer Management window. In this section, you can view which directories are being indexed and, if desired, add new ones or remove old ones. It works with any partitions, not just NTFS.
NTFS5 added such a feature as mount points or, in other words, junction points. This function has long been familiar to users of various Unix / Linux variants, but it appeared for the first time in Microsoft products. Using this technology, you can attach any disk resource to any place in the file system. For example, you can attach the D:\ hard drive to any of the directories on the C:\ drive, for example, to C:\games Now, by going to the C:\games directory, you will be able to see the contents of the root directory of the D:\ drive. All changes that will be made in this directory will be made on the D:\ drive. After that, you can remove the letter assigned to this disk (Change disk letter and path) in the Computer management -> Disk Management window, and the user will not even know that two disks are installed on the computer! It will work with one C:\ drive and the C:\games directory will be no different from the others. You can mount a disk or partition to a directory on an NTFS partition or disk, from the already familiar Change disk letter and path menu, by selecting Add .. -> Mount in this Ntfs folder -> Browse: You can also control this function through command line, with the mountvol command.
7. What is a cluster?
Cluster - the minimum amount of disk space that can be allocated file system to store one file. It is determined, as a rule, automatically, when formatting the hard drive, according to the dependence indicated in the table:
A small exception for the system partition: if it is less than 2048MB, then the cluster size, when using NTFS, is always 512 bytes.
There are several ways to find out the cluster size in W2k. First, you can go to Administrative Tools -> Computer Management -> Storage -> Disk Defragmenter. Select desired disk and click on Analyze. After a few seconds, a sign will appear with three buttons. Clicking on View Report launches a window in which there is a lot of information about the selected disk, including Cluster size.
There is another method that is suitable not only for W2k. A ready-made, small file is created, or taken, ranging in size from 1 byte to 500 bytes. Clicking on it right button mouse, Properties is selected. We look at two items, Size and Size on disk. Size should be something like 10 bytes (or whatever size it really is), and Size on disk will be, for example, 4096 bytes, which corresponds to the size of the cluster, i.e. 4K.
You can choose the cluster size yourself, manually, however, only when formatting. This is done like this: "format d: /A:size", where size is the size of the cluster in bytes. However, there are some rules that should be followed: firstly, the cluster size must be a multiple of the physical sector size, that is, 512 bytes in the vast majority of cases; secondly, there are restrictions on the number of clusters on a partition.
8. How to reduce the amount of XP installed?
You can remove directories:1) %SystemRoot%\Driver Cache\i386\
This can be done if all the equipment is already up and running. When adding new equipment, the system will request a distribution kit.
2) %SystemRoot%\system32\dllcache\
This is a cache of protected system files used for their automatic recovery in case of damage. The default size of this folder is 400 MB and is determined by the SFCQuota (0xFFFFFFFF) setting in the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon registry key
You can change the size of the system file cache using the sfc command:
sfc /cachesize=0 (you can enter another value, for example, 3 MB), and then manually delete all files in the specified directory. If you do not set /cachesize=0, then the next time you check protected system files, the system will refill its cache to the specified size.
3) Turn off System Restore. You can turn it in here: System Properties -> System Restore -> Turn off System Restore for all drives. This will erase all information that is recorded by System Restore and stored in the System Volume Information folder.
9. Is it possible to convert a FAT32 drive to NTFS without data loss?
1. You can use the CONVERT command volume: /FS:NTFS The conversion will take place on the next reboot. There will be no loss of information, but you need to keep in mind that the cluster size after conversion will be 512 bytes, which is not very good on large partitions, in addition, the disk after conversion will be heavily fragmented. Reverse conversion (NTFS -> FAT) without data loss using XP is not possible, you will need to format the partition again.2. The program will also be able to perform the conversion Partition Magic. NTFS 5 works fine starting with version 6.0, but if you use only a boot floppy, then version 5.01 will do. This program also allows you to perform reverse conversion without data loss and can even change the cluster size (unfortunately, only on FAT16 and FAT32). Partition Magic does not work with dynamic disks, only basic ones.
10. How to disable SFC (System Files Protection) completely?
To do this, change the value of "SfcDisable" to "dword:ffffff9d". In order to turn it back on, the same key must be changed to 0.However, it should be remembered that by doing this, you risk experiencing all the consequences of Dll-hell, ranging from a decrease in overall system performance to a wide variety of problems and glitches caused by replacing system libraries with incompatible third-party versions.
11. What parameters can be changed in boot.ini?
boot.ini is responsible for the boot order of the operating systems installed on the system, and allows you to set some boot options for these systems.This file starts with a section
There are only two options in this section:
timeout, defines the time in seconds that the system waits before starting to load the default OS, in case there are several OS installed on the system.The second section, which contains a list of possible OS to boot. For each OS, its location is indicated using ARC (Advanced RISC Computer) names.
Default, defines the system that is loaded by default.
scsi(*) or multi(*) - the scsi(*) element is used in case SCSI controller with BIOS disabled. The multi(*) element is used for all other drive types, including IDE, EIDE, ESDI, and SCSI with BIOS enabled. (*) - number of the adapter from which the download is performed. Adapters are numbered from zero, starting with the controller closest to slot 0 on the mat. board.
disk(*) - if (1) = scsi(*), then equal to the logical device number (LUN) set for the disk. If (1) = multi(*), then it is always zero.In addition, the text is written in quotes, which will be visible in the selection item for this OS in the start menu. After this text, there may be keys that affect OS boot. For W2k, the following keys are possible:
rdisk(*) - if (1) = multi(*), then it is equal to the disk number in the chain, the disk count starts from 0. If (1) = muulti(*), then it is always equal to zero
partition(*) - specifies the disk partition containing the OS files. Unlike all other ARC name elements, section numbering starts at 1, i.e. the first partition is denoted by partition(1), the second by partition(2), and so on.
\path - Specifies the directory (or subdirectory) of the partition where the OS files are located. The default path under Windows NT/2000 is \winnt.
/basevideo - with this key, the system will use only the standard VGA driver. This parameter can be useful if you install another video card for a short time, and you do not want to suffer with rearrangement of drivers./fastdetect - usually installed automatically during system installation. When installing this key, the system does not detect all Plug and Play devices in the process of loading.
/maxmem - defines maximum size RAM that can be used by the system. Theoretically, it can help if you have a buggy RAM.
/noguiboot - When using this key, a colored splash screen will not be drawn on boot. Can be used by those who do not want to look at this picture at 60 hertz. But we must take into account that in addition to this, BSODs will not be drawn at boot. But the system will hang if something is not in order, of course it will not stop./noserialmice= - when using this parameter, the mouse connected to the COM port will not be detected for the ports listed in brackets. If the port numbers are not specified, then the mouse will not be detected on all ports.
/bootlog - when this parameter is set, the system will write a boot log to %SystemRoot%\Nbtlog.txt This parameter can be used to find the reason why the system can only boot in safe mode.
/safeboot - when installed, the system will boot into Safe mode. The same can be done by pressing F8 at the beginning of the system boot. You can specify several options for /safeboot through a colon. Minimal - minimal configuration. Network - with network support. Dsrepair - available only in W2kServer and allows you to restore Active Directory with advance backup. Alternateshell - allows you to use alternative graphical shells. By default, only Explorer (standard shell) and Progman (left from Windows3.11 and NT 3.5) are installed with the system.
/sos - displays a list of loaded drivers on the screen. Can help figure out where the system is stumbling on boot./baudrate - this parameter specifies the speed at which the COM port will work for debugging the system. If you do not specify a specific speed, then it will be 9600 for a modem and 19200 for a null modem cable. When this option is enabled, the /debug option is automatically set
/crashdebug - With this flag, the debugger is loaded, but remains inactive until a kernel error occurs. Can be used by software developers.
/debugport=com* - Specifies the COM port number (* must be a port number) to use with the debugger. Automatically includes the /debug switch
/debug - loads a debugger that can be activated by another computer via a connected COM port. Can be used by software developers.
/nodebug - no debug information is displayed on the screen./hal - Specifies the name of the file to be used as hal.dll after loading. see question 5 of the chapter "Restoration" for details.
/kernel - Specifies the name of the file to be used as ntoskrnl.dll after loading. see question 5 of the chapter "Restoration" for details.
12. How can I install Win9x with XP already installed?
Win9x overwrites the XP boot sector during installation. To prevent this from happening, before installing Win9x, you need to correctly configure its installer.To do this, in the MSBATCH.INF file (if there is no such file in your distribution,
create it) you need to write the following lines:
cleanboot=0
After installation, Win9x sets the default boot to itself, but this can easily be changed. If the Win9x distribution is on CD (as is usually the case), then the patched or newly created MSBATCH.INF can be used by running the Win9x installer with the parameter:
setup.exe drive:\path\MSBATCH.INF
V this case the file can be named anything, not just MSBATCH.INF.
13. How to change system/boot drive letter in XP?
You may need to change the letter if the mirrored volume fails or if the disk subsystem configuration changes. Here's how to swap the letters for C and D drives. If you don't need to swap letters, just change the value of \DosDevice\[letter]: to whatever letter you don't use. Keep in mind that if you change the drive letter on a normally working system, programs that use the absolute addressing method will stop working - you will have to reinstall them or manually change all the wrong paths in the registry. - Log in as administrator and run Regedt.exe.
- Open the key HKLM\SYSTEM\MountedDevices and allow the administrator full access to it (menu Security (Security) -> Permissions (Permissions)).
- In HKLM\SYSTEM\MountedDevices find the drive letter you want to change, in our case it is "\DosDevices\C:".
- Change the letter to any unused one, for example "\DosDevices\Z:".
- Select the second drive letter to change, i.e. "\DosDevices\D:", change
- it to the required one, in our case it will be "\DosDevices\C:"
- Select the value \DosDevices\Z: and rename it to "\DosDevices\D:".
- Restart your computer.
14. How to rename the Administrator account folder?
We go into the system under the administrator account, create a folder with the right name in the Documents and Settings directory. Then - right click on the icon "My computer" -> Properties -> Advanced -> User Profiles, click the Copy To ... button and copy the administrator profile to the created folder. Run regedit and find the key:
HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList
In this key, we find the branch corresponding to the administrator's profile by the value of the ProfileImagePath key and correct this parameter in it to the desired one. We log in, if everything went well, you can delete the old folder - it will no longer be needed.
Virtualbox is an intuitive virtual machine, that is, a program with which you can run additional operating systems as part of the main one installed on a hard drive or SSD. Windows XP is an old, but time-tested and, in a sense, still relevant, lightweight and familiar operating system. By installing it on a virtual machine, you can solve a variety of tasks.
What is it for
First, a little terminology. The operating system you are currently working on and reading this text is called the host. An OS installed and running within a host system is called a guest OS. Installing "ex-pi" on Virtualbox can serve different purposes. Even if your working system Windows XP guest "copy" can also come in handy. Here are some popular use cases for this feature:
- Installing and running Windows programs in a different environment (Ubuntu, Debian, etc.).
- Using old apps and games that don't work on newer systems (7, 8.1, or 10).
- Testing Potentially dangerous applications(the guest OS is isolated from the host system if no shared folders are created).
Here are at least three reasons why installing Windows XP in a virtual machine is not a pointless idea. In the end, you can just practice for the sake of self-education. Virtualbox is cross-platform and runs on most operating systems. The only rule for its correct operation is the presence of a good supply system resources. That is, for Windows startup XP as a guest system must have at least 500 MB of unused RAM and a more or less unloaded processor.
Step by step guest OS deployment
The first step is to download Virtualbox from the official website. Let's assume that your host system is one of the latest Microsoft OS, 8 or 10. Installing VirtualBox is no different from installing any other program, except that in the process it may display a message stating that the software has not been tested with this version operating system. Pay no attention to him. It may appear up to 3-5 times, just continue with the installation.
The program interface on different operating systems is slightly different, but, in general, it looks something like this:
You must have a CD or image Windows disk XP in ISO format. But first you need to create the virtual machine itself. For this:
- Click the "Create" button.
- In the drop-down menus, select the type and version of the OS, and also give the machine an arbitrary name (nothing depends on it, except for the name in the window title).
- Click the "Forward" button.
- Now specify the amount of RAM available to the guest system. The default values are enough to run Windows XP itself, but not enough to run programs. If your amount of RAM allows, move the slider to at least 512 MB, and preferably 1024 (the green zone is the most comfortable values \u200b\u200bfor host and guest systems to work together).
- Click "Forward".
- Create a virtual hard disk for the guest system. Everything is shown in the screenshots.
It is important to note that by choosing a fixed hard drive you will automatically create a file of the specified size on your real hard drive. A dynamic hard drive will grow in proportion to the Windows XP installed on it (with the installation of new programs, and so on).
- After clicking on the “Create” button, the virtual machine will be ready.
You can look into the settings by clicking on the "Settings" button.
For example, in the Display section of the Display tab, you can add virtual machine video memory or enable 2D or 3D acceleration to improve video quality or use 3D applications. But usually the default settings are enough to run Windows XP.
Now make sure that the disk with the OS is in the drive or the disk image is in some folder. Click the "Launch" button. The following windows will open:
If you are using a disc in your drive, just click Continue. If the image is in .iso format, then on the folder icon and select your image and also click the “Continue” button. The installation of the operating system will start. It is no different from the one that can be produced on real hardware. For those who have forgotten, here are the highlights.
Next, the formatting of the virtual hard disk will begin, copying installation files and reboot, during which you should NOT press any buttons. Only in this way is guaranteed to open, in fact, the installation of the OS on Virtualbox, and will not start by new training to install, as in the screenshots. Ideally, after rebooting, you will see something like this window:
Entering the key, computer owner name, time zone, and other information varies depending on which Windows XP you have, so this question will not be considered.
It is worth noting only one point. The Virtualbox window can capture the mouse cursor (not always) and it becomes unavailable for other actions. To “return” it, hold down the right Ctrl on the keyboard and click the left mouse button.
After the installation of the system on Virtualbox is completed and you see the desktop, install the guest OS additions for better screen resolution and the full operation of the “guest” operating system.
Install and reboot.
Also, if you need shared folders between host and guest, do the following.
Select the desired folder. For example, this is a folder called Downloads, located in Documents. Save the result and open a command prompt in the guest. Enter the command:
net use x:\\vboxsvr\Downloads
where x is the drive letter and Downloads is the name of the folder created in the previous step. Press Enter. If successful, in the "My Computer" section will appear network drive X, through which files located in the Downloads folder of the host system will be available.
This completes the installation. You can use Windows XP alongside your main operating system.
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