Slide 2
Mail program
A mail program (e-mail client, mail client, mail client, mailer) is software installed on a user's computer and designed to receive, write, send and store e-mail messages from one or more users (in the case of, for example, several accounts on one computer) or multiple accounts of the same user.
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Functions
Large mailers, so-called. All-in-one, such as Mozilla Thunderbird, The Bat! and Microsoft Outlook, today combine the work of MSA, MDA and MRA in one application. Simpler mail agents (English mail user agent, MUA), such as Mutt, are also mailers. Unlike a mail server, an e-mail client usually does not send a message directly to the appropriate recipient server, but to the same mail server, which acts as a relay. This is usually the mail server of the provider or company. Sending mail is most often carried out using the SMTP protocol.
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An e-mail client accepts mail from one or more mail servers, often the same server that it sends. Mail is usually received via POP or IMAP. Also, the functions of an e-mail client may include: sorting, storing messages, searching the archive of messages, maintaining an address book, filtering received messages by various criteria, converting formats, encryption, organizing interfaces with office programs and other functions.
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NNTP, HTML and Web
NNTP Often mailers allow you to communicate in newsgroups (Usenet) based on NNTP technology. There are NNTP gateways to the Fidonet network. HTML and Web Some web browsers, such as Opera (M2) or SeaMonkey, have built-in email programs. Typically, email programs use the engines of related browsers to view HTML messages: Microsoft Outlook Express uses Trident; Mozilla Thunderbird - Gecko, shared with SeaMonkey and Firefox.
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Popular programs
The most common email programs used under different operating systems in 2008: Microsoft Windows Unix-like OS Cell Phones with J2ME Microsoft OutlookKMail (on KDE) MailMan Microsoft Outlook ExpressMozilla ThunderbirdEmail Viewer The Bat! Mutt Mozilla Thunderbirdslrn Opera Mail
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Microsoft Outlook
Microsoft Outlook (Microsoft Outlook) - a computer program-organizer (PersonalInformationManager) with functions of an email client and Groupware from Microsoft, included in the package office programs MicrosoftOffice. Although Outlook is most often used only as a mail client for working with e-mail, it is also a full-fledged Organizer, providing calendar functions, task scheduler, notebook and a contact manager. In addition, Outlook allows you to track your work with Microsoft Office documents for automatic writing of a work diary. Outlook can be used like separate applicationand act as a client for the MicrosoftExchangeServer mail server, which provides additional functions for working together users of the same organization: shared mailboxes, task folders, calendars, conferences, scheduling and reserving time for general meetings, coordinating documents. MicrosoftOutlook and MicrosoftExchangeServer are a platform for organizing workflow, as they are provided with a system for developing custom plugins and scripts with which programming is possible additional functions workflow (and not only workflow) not provided for in the standard delivery.
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Type Mail Client Developer Microsoft OS Microsoft Windows Version 2007 SP1 (12.0.6212.1000) - December 11, 2007 Microsoft Outlook 2007 Screenshot
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Popular services and programs for working with e-mail
Services: Yandex Gmail Hotmail Rambler Mail.ru E-mail programs: Eudora Mail Evolution Fidolook Foxmail KMail Microsoft Outlook Mozilla Thunderbird Opera Mail (M2) Outlook Express The Bat!
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Outlook Express
OutlookExpress is an e-mail and newsgroup program from Microsoft. OutlookExpress is delivered as part of operating windows systems starting from Windows 95 OSR 2.5, Windows NT, and also together with the Internet Explorer browser starting from version 4.0. There are also versions of OutlookExpress for "classic" versions of Mac OS. The name OutlookExpress suggests that this program is a "lightweight" version of Microsoft Outlook, an organizer from Microsoft that also contains e-mail functionality. In fact, there is little in common between the two programs. In addition, Outlook, unlike OutlookExpress, does not have newsgroup functionality.
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View a newsgroup in Outlook Express in windows environment XP Type Mail program, news client Microsoft Developer OS Microsoft Windows, Windows NT, Mac OS Version 6.0 SP2 - August 25, 2004
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The Bat!
Type Mail program DeveloperRITLabs OSMicrosoft Windows Version 4.1.11 - January 22, 2009 The Bat! - shareware e-mail program for Windows. Developed by the Moldovan company RITLabs. The Bat! popular among Russian users and users from the former USSR republics.
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Features of The Bat!
Has a fairly advanced message filtering system, as well as a system of plugins for integrating anti-virus and anti-spam programs different manufacturers... The necessary plugins can be supplied with the antivirus (as in the case of KAV) or downloaded from the RITLabs website.
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Mozilla Thunderbird
Thunderbird 2.0.0.9 on Xfce 4 Type Mail Program Developer Mozilla Foundation, Mozilla Messaging OS Cross Platform Version 2.0.0.21 - March 18, 2009 Test Version 3.0 Beta 2 - February 26, 2009
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Mozilla Thunderbird is a free, cross-platform, freeware email and newsgroup program. Is an part of the Mozilla project. Supports protocols: SMTP, POP3, IMAP, NNTP, RSS. Thunderbird runs on Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and GNU / Linux, and the feature set is the same across all platforms. Interface Thunderbird's interface, like a web browser Mozilla Firefox, is based on XUL technology developed by the Mozilla Foundation. As a result user interface looks the same on all platforms as applications developed for that particular platform. Like Firefox, Thunderbird supports visual themes. By default, the program interface is similar to the usual windows users Outlook Express email client interface.
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Virtual folders An email can be displayed in several folders defined by the user based on filters. At the same time, in reality, the letter remains the only one and does not take up extra space, as if copies of one letter were stored in different folders. Development On February 19, 2008, MozillaMessaging was created at MozillaFoundation to develop and market messaging products, including Mozilla Thunderbird. Thunderbird 3.0's codename is Shredder. Lightning Lightning is a project by the MozillaFoundation development team aimed at tightly integrating calendar functionality into Thunderbird - as opposed to the standalone calendar program MozillaSunbird and its version available as extensions for Firefox and Thunderbird (in fact, this "extension" functions as a separate application). Lightning is planned to be included in Thunderbird 3.
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KMail
KMail is an email client created by the KDE project. Distributed in operating systems of the * nix family. Supports SMTP, POP3, IMAP, local mailboxes. Displaying emails in text format and in HTML (using KHTML) with support for various encodings. There are features that improve the convenience of working with letters, including color highlighting, filters, displaying sender photos attached to entries in the address book, etc. Type Mail program Developer The KMail Team GNU / Linux OS, other Unix-like systems, Microsoft Windows (with Cygwin) Version 1.9.6 - January 25, 2007
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Security features are widely presented: support for connections with SSL, TLS protection, DIGEST-MD5 authentication; there is also support for OpenPGP (both built-in and external using GnuPG or PGP) and S-MIME, antivirus, antispam, custom filters. Allows you to store passwords using KWallet encrypted to prevent password theft. KMail allows you to import mail databases and settings from other email clients including Mozilla Thunderbird, Netscape, Microsoft Outlook and Outlook Express, The Bat! and others.
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Conclusion
Most universal remedy computer communication today is e-mail. It allows you to forward messages from almost any machine to any, as most machines running in different systems, it is supported. As in other types of computer communication, the main point in the entire system is the interaction of two programs - the mail server and the mail client. The mail server is usually installed at the provider or in local network of the addressee's company. Mail clients are programs with which a user can receive and send mail. There are quite a lot of such programs, but the principle of operation is the same for all, as we could see with the example of Microsoft Office Outlook and THE BAT!
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Description of the presentation for individual slides:
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Performed by a 9th grade student Maria Khantulina Computer science teacher Tatyana Pavlovna Khantulina
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Electronic mail (e-mail) is one of the first and most widespread services on the Internet. There are more than 200 million active mailboxes in the world, which not only ensure the forwarding of messages between network users (subscribers), but also serve as a kind of database of documents, records of appointments, news.
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High speed of message forwarding. It takes several minutes to exchange information, while using regular airmail takes at least a week to send correspondence.
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Profitability. One page of text is transmitted in a split second, while on the phone it takes several minutes.
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Ability to work with text, not sound (voice). This allows you to think over and edit the answer during the exchange of information, especially in a foreign language, without requiring an instant response.
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Transferring files along with the letter. Via e-mail, you can send text documents, drawings, photographs, sound files and etc.
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In order for the message to be received, you must indicate the recipient's email address. E-mail address (e-mail address) - the subscriber's address received when concluding a contract with a provider or when creating a "mailbox" on any of the servers that offer this service for free. An email address consists of two parts, separated by the @ sign: [email protected] username is the username. As it can be used the last name of the subscriber, his first name, last name and first name, or a pseudonym, separated by a dot, dash, underscore character. It is followed by the @ separator. hostname - hostname of the computer providing post services... domain - domain address - top-level domain, most often indicating the region where the owner is located email address.
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Mail server - special computer, designed to receive, send mail messages over the network and store information on demand. The mail server is used to manage the communication session, check the reliability of information and passwords when requested, support directories with user addresses.
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A mailbox is a specially organized space on the server disk for storing correspondence. When creating a mailbox, each subscriber additionally, in addition to the mailing address, specifies his own individual password. It is necessary at the moment of access to your mailbox.
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Choose a server providing mail services; Register as a new user by answering the questions of the proposed questionnaire. The result is a personal mailbox, to access which you need to enter the Username (Login or username) and password (password).
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Password is a unique combination of characters. In contrast to username, you cannot choose your name or initials as a password, either in forward or reverse order. It is not recommended to use numbers, year of birth or passport number, street names. It is recommended to use words that are not in the dictionary, for example, write down a misspelled word, or the first letters of a phrase. It is not worth setting the same password on different machines.
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Types of work with e-mail - off-line (out of communication) and on-line (on the line, in touch). on-line is a mode of operation in which the user is in contact with the mail server during a communication session. off-line - operation mode when the user connects to mail server only for sending (receiving) previously prepared correspondence. Currently, the off-line type of work is the most common. Effective work with e-mail in this mode is provided by client mail programs.
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The user's mail program (mail client) is designed to create, send, receive and forward mail messages, allows you to use various encodings, transfer of attached files. For each kind operating system there are various mail clients... At the same time, there are multifunctional program complexes containing utilities for various purposes - Web-client (Browser), mail client, HTML editor, etc. For example, Microsoft Internet Explorer (Web Browser) is integrated with Outlook Express (a program for working with e-mail and newsgroups), NetMeeting (a program for interactive voice communication), FrontPage (a program for creating and publishing Web pages) and others service applications... Many information service providers provide their clients with a mailbox free of charge, for example, you can register a mailbox on the servers www.yahoo.com, www.yandex.ru, rambler.ru, mail.ru, etc. In this case, mail interaction can be carried out using the Browser via protocol HTTP through special Web-forms.
3.2.6. Email
Basic concepts
The messaging system is one of the most accessible and demanded means of communication on the Internet and in local networks.
The essence of the mail system is as follows:
- open the mail application window;
- select the "Write a letter" mode;
- type the text of the letter;
- specify the recipient's address;
- specify the subject of the letter;
- select the command "Send immediately", i.e. put in a mailbox located on a mail server;
- the letter is picked up from the mailbox by the postal service and delivered to the addressee's mailbox.
Messaging is carried out through the interaction of two programs - mail server and mail client. Software - a mail server, installed, for example, at a provider, to receive mail over the Internet, or in the local network of a company to exchange messages between employees.
Mail clients are applications (for example, Outlook Express, Microsoft Outlook, The Bat) that are installed on users' computers that send or receive mail. All email clients have approximately the same interface, so it is enough to learn how to work with one of them.
To work with e-mail, you can use both mail clients and mail web interfaces, which are located on mail web servers. Using the web interface, you can work with mail directly on web mail servers. In terms of functionality, the web interface is as close as possible to mail programs.
WWW-based mail systems allow you to process mail messages on the Internet using a regular browser rather than an email program. They work on a 2-in-1 basis, combining the functions of an email server and an email client.
The use of the web interface is advisable when you need to send or receive correspondence from different computers with access to the Internet.
In order to get access to work with e-mail, you need to create a mailbox on one of the mail servers.
To create a mailbox, you need to register on one of the mail servers.
To work with mail programs (mail clients), they must be installed on a PC. Email is based on two application programs: on Simple Mail Transport Protokol (SMTP) and message retrieval protocol POP3 (Post Office Protokol 3, Post Office Protocol 3) or message access protocol in internet Internet Message Access ProtocoI (lMAP4 is the latest version).
To be able to send or receive mail using mail clients, you must create at least one account. Account Is a set of data about a mail server user (name, email address, password for connecting to the server, names of incoming and outgoing mail servers). The creation of accounts is carried out in the mail program that you are using.
E-mail address.
An email address has two parts, separated by the @ symbol. The characters that appear on the left side of the address (before the @ sign) are the recipient's name or the name of the mailbox, it often coincides with the username. The right side of the email address that follows the @ sign is domain name the mail server where the mailbox is located and messages are stored.
Outlook Express Mail Application
Outlook Express is included with Windows mail programwhich is very easy to use.
With Outlook Express, you can:
- exchange e-mail messages;
- create and maintain address book for storing email addresses;
- read and post to newsgroups.
After launching Outlook Express (Start / Programs / Outlook Express), the application window will appear on the screen, which is divided into three frames (three areas). The structure on the left is displayed system folders, in the upper right area - the list of letters contained in the selected system folder, in the lower right area - the contents of the folder where the cursor is located.
Fig. one.
Purpose of system folders:
- Inbox - messages received by mail are stored.
- Outbox - stores messages intended to be sent, but not sent.
- Sent - copies of sent messages are stored.
- Deleted - contains messages deleted from all folders.
- Drafts - contains messages in preparation.
Preparing messages
Urine preparation technology:
- Open the window for creating a new message (Fig. 2) by executing the command: File / New, Mail message or click the New message button on the toolbar.
- In the To field, enter the address of the recipient of the message. It is allowed to enter several addresses in the To field, separating them from each other with a semicolon.
- In the Cc field, enter the addresses of the recipients of the copy of the message.
- In the Subject field, enter a subject for the message.
- Enter the required text in the field for entering the message text.
- If necessary, attach a file to the message by clicking the Attach button on the toolbar, and in the Insert dialog box that opens, select the required file.
- You can save the prepared message in the Drafts folder to edit it later. To do this, select the Save command from the File menu. If the message does not require revision, you can place it in the Outbox folder to send it when the connection is established. To do this, execute File / Send or click the Send button on the toolbar of the message window.
Fig. 2.
Sending a message
To send and receive messages from the Outlook Express window, run the Service / Deliver mail, Deliver mail command. Outlook Express will connect to the Internet mail server, send the prepared message, and receive incoming mail. To read the message received at your address, go to the Inbox folder.
Message reply
You can use the received message when preparing the response to be sent by email. To do this, place the cursor on the message, the addressee of which you want to prepare a reply, and click the Reply or Reply all button on the toolbar.
In both cases, a message window opens, in which the recipient's address is already indicated, the phrase Re and the subject of the incoming message are entered in the Subject field. The content of the original message has been copied to the new one. Enter your answer and send a message.
Forwarding a message
Microsoft program Outlook Express allows you to forward a received message to someone else. To do this, place the cursor on the message and click the Forward button on the toolbar. A window will open containing the text of the original message. Enter the recipient's address, add to original text your comments and send a message.
Modem. Information in the computer has a discrete binary form, but along the lines telephone connection continuous (analog) transmitted electrical signal... To connect personal Computer from telephone network, a special device is needed to match their work. Such a device is called a "modem" (MODULATOR - DEModulator). Modulation is the transformation of information from discrete digital form to analog, which is performed when the subscriber transmits information to the network. In the textbook for the 8th grade (§ 24), such a conversion was called digital-to-analog - DAC. Demodulation is the inverse analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) that occurs when information is received.
The communication scheme between the subscriber and the server using a modem is shown in Fig. 1.2.
The modem can be made as a separate device connected to computer via standard serial port connection that each computer has. There are also built-in modems in the form of an electronic board installed inside the computer.
One of critical characteristics modem is the baud rate, measured in bits per second. Typical transmission rates for modern modems are: 14,400 bps, 19 kbps. Modern high-speed modems have speeds of 28 Kbps, 56 Kbps.
Let the used modem while working on the network can send 14,400 bps (1800 characters per second). Then the transmission of a full page of text (about 2500 characters) will take about one and a half seconds. Switching the modem speed to 28Kbps will double the transmission speed. A modem that can handle a high speed usually allows you to work at a low speed.
Serious data transmission problems are often caused by poor quality telephone lines... This leads to distortion of the transmitted information. Sometimes, one garbled bit can devalue all information. Many types of modems have the ability to correct errors. These modems are called intelligent modems. The use of error correction reduces the data transfer rate, but increases its reliability.
What are protocols
IN computer networks subscribers can use various brands of computers, types of modems, communication lines, communication programs... In order for all this equipment to work in harmony, the operation of networks is subject to special technical agreements called protocols.
Network protocols are standards that determine the forms of presentation and methods of sending messages, procedures for their interpretation, rules for the joint operation of various equipment.
Software global network... Client-server technology
Both the subscriber's computer and the nodal server computer are engaged in servicing the network information services. For each of the services (e-mail, file transfer, databases, etc.), certain software must exist on the user's machine and on the server. Organization softwareadopted in modern networks, is called the "client-server" technology.
Any network service on the subscriber's machine is served by a program called a client program (or, in short, a client); on the nodal server, this service is provided by the operation of the server program. Thus, the word "server" is used in relation to both the serving computer and its software.
The "client" and "server" programs establish communication with each other, and each of them performs its own part of the work on servicing the subscriber. The client program prepares the user's request, transmits it over the network, and then receives the response. The server program receives the request, prepares the response information and transmits it to the user (see Fig. 1.2). In this case, the programs "client" and "server" use common protocols - they communicate with each other in the same "network language". Different protocols may be used to provide different services.
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